Am J Clin Oncol 2001 Apr;24(2):107-12 
<b>Improved overall survival among responders to preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer.</b> 
Janjan NA, Crane C, Feig BW, Cleary K, Dubrow R, Curley S, Vauthey JN, Lynch P, Ellis LM, Wolff R, Lenzi R, Abbruzzese J, Pazdur R, Hoff PM, Allen P, Brown T, Skibber J. Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. 
&&url PMID: 11319280


Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001 May 1;50(1):1-12 
<b>Preoperative hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy in resectable esophageal cancer.</b> 
Kim JH, Choi EK, Kim SB, Park SI, Kim DK, Song HY, Jung HY, Min YI. Department of Radiation Oncology, Esophageal Disease Study Group, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan Medical College, 388-1 Poongnap-Dong, Songpa-Ku, Seoul 138-736, South Korea. jhkim2@www.amc.seoul.kr 
... Preoperative chemoradiotherapy in this trial showed improved clinical and pathologic tumor response and survival when compared to historical results. Patients who underwent esophagectomy following chemoradiation showed decreased local recurrence and improved survival and disease-free survival rates ... 
&&url PMID: 11316540 


Hepatogastroenterology 2000 Jul-Aug;47(34):1142-6 
<b>Intraoperative and conformal external-beam radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma; results from a feasibility phase II study.</b> 
Furuse J, Ogino T, Ryu M, Kinoshita T, Konishi M, Kawano N, Ishikura S, Shimizu W, Sekiguchi R, Moriyama N, Iwasaki M, Yoshino M. Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. jfuruse@east.ncc.go.jp 
... Chemoradiation therapy is widely indicated to patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma, though the capability of radiotherapy alone is not assessed enough. The purpose of this study is to clarify the efficacy and safety of a more intensive radiotherapy for those patients. ...: The above radiotherapy is considered to be active for the locally advanced pancreatic cancer with acceptable toxicity, when the gastrointestinal tract is excluded from the radiation field. This should be further assessed in late phase II studies involving a large number of patients. 
&&url PMID: 11020899 


Am J Surg 2000 Jun;179(6):508-13 
<b>The role of multimodality therapy for resectable esophageal cancer.</b> 
Meneu-Diaz JC, Blazquez LA, Vicente E, Nuno J, Quijano Y, Lopez-Hervas P, Devesa M, Fresneda V. Departamento de Cirugia General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Universidad de Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. 
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing interest in the role of combined therapy to achieve long-term survival for patients with resectable esophageal neoplasms. Surgery provides excellent palliation with relatively low morbidity and mortality rates, but cure remains elusive. ...% (12) remained alive. Actuarial survival rates at 12, 23, and 37 months were 56.2%, 36.9%, and 21.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: .... Surgery alone remains the standard therapy for esophageal cancer. 
&&url PMID: 11004342 


<b>Aggressive angiomyxoma: irradiation for recurrent disease.</b> 
Rhomberg W, Jasarevic Z, Alton R, Kompatscher P, Beer G, Breitfellner G. Abteilung fur Radioonkologie, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Austria. 

... This is a case report on a 27-year-old man who underwent 4 surgical procedures of the left lower extremity because of a recurrent soft tissue neoplasm, .... A palliative resection with macroscopic residuals left was performed in February 1998, followed by a radiation therapy with 56 Gy total dose and a concomitant administration of the radiosensitizer razoxane per os. The single radiation doses were 200 cGy 5 times a week. ... Radiation therapy combined with the sensitizer razoxane is able to control a recurrent AAM for an unknown time. It remains open whether a radiation treatment alone would have had a similar effect. 
&&url PMID: 10962999 


Anticancer Res 2000 May-Jun;20(3B):2137-43 
<b>Caffeine-potentiated radiochemotherapy and function-saving surgery for high-grade soft tissue sarcoma.</b> 
Tsuchiya H, Yamamoto N, Asada N, Terasaki T, Kanazawa Y, Takanaka T, Nishijima H, Tomita K. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan. 
<b>Caffeine, which has a DNA-repair inhibiting effect, enhances the cytocidal effects of anticancer drugs and radiation.</b> We present a preliminary report on the results of a new treatment, "radiochemotherapy combined with caffeine" (K3 protocol), for high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. .... Preoperatively, three to five courses of intra-arterial chemotherapy using cisplatin, caffeine and doxorubicin after radiation therapy were administered. Following the preoperative therapy, function-saving surgery was performed for all cases. Complete response was observed in six patients, partial response in six and no change in five. The effectiveness rate of caffeine-potentiated radiochemotherapy was therefore 71%. The histological response for radiochemotherapy was better than that for chemotherapy alone.... Complications resulting from the preoperative radiation comprised of serious inflammation in three patients and skin necrosis in another three. Twelve patients have remained free of disease, two patients are alive with disease and three have died of metastatic disease with a mean follow-up period of 36 months. There was no local tumor recurrence. These preliminary findings suggest that caffeine-potentiated radiochemotherapy contributed to a satisfactory local response and the success of function-saving surgery for high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. 
&&url PMID: 10928167 


Radiother Oncol 2000 Mar;54(3):261-71 
<b>Variation in sensitizing effect of caffeine in human tumour cell lines after gamma-irradiation.</b> 
Valenzuela MT, Mateos S, Ruiz de Almodovar JM, McMillan TJ. Laboratoio de Investigaciones Medicas y Biologia Tumoral, Departamento de Radiologia y Medicina Fisica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. 
... The data presented confirm that p53 status can be a significant determinant of the efficacy of caffeine as radiosensitizer in these tumour cell lines, and document the importance of the G2 checkpoint in this effect. 
&&url PMID: 10738085


Cancer Res 2000 Mar 1;60(5):1326-31 
<b>Preferential enhancement of tumor radioresponse by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.</b> 
Kishi K, Petersen S, Petersen C, Hunter N, Mason K, Masferrer JL, Tofilon PJ, Milas L. Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030-4095, USA. 
<b>Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, is overexpressed in many types of malignant tumors, where it mediates production of prostaglandins (PGs), which in turn may stimulate tumor growth and protect against damage by cytotoxic agents.</b> 

This study investigated whether SC-'236, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, potentiates antitumor efficacy of radiation without increasing radiation injury to normal tissue. <b>Mice</b> bearing the sarcoma FSA ... <b>Overall, our findings demonstrated that treatment with a selective inhibitor of COX-2 greatly enhanced tumor radioresponse without markedly affecting normal tissue radioresponse.</b> Thus, COX-2 inhibitors have a high potential for increasing the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. 
&&url PMID: 10728694 


Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000 May 1;47(2):435-42 
<b>Local radiotherapy with or without transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.</b> 
Cheng JC, Chuang VP, Cheng SH, Huang AT, Lin YM, Cheng TI, Yang PS, You DL, Jian JJ, Tsai SY, Sung JL, Horng CF. 
Departments of Department ofRadiation Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan. jasoncheng@mail.kfcc.org.tw 
PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment outcome, patterns of failure, and prognostic factors for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with local radiotherapy alone or as an adjunct to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). ... Radiotherapy is effective in the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. Its effect appeared to be more prominent within the site to which radiation was given. The combination of TACE and radiation was associated with better control of HCC than radiation given alone, probably due to the selection of patients with favorable prognosis for the combined treatment. ... 
&&url PMID: 10802371


Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999 Jul 15;44(5):1125-35 
<b>Maximizing therapeutic gain with gemcitabine and fractionated radiation.</b> 
Mason KA, Milas L, Hunter NR, Elshaikh M, Buchmiller L, Kishi K, Hittelman K, Ang KK. Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The Unversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA. mason@notes.mdacc.tmc.edu 
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: The nucleoside analogue gemcitabine inhibits cellular repair and repopulation, induces apoptosis, causes tumor growth delay, and enhances radiation-induced growth delay. After single doses of drug and radiation, maximum enhancement of tumor response was obtained when gemcitabine preceded radiation by at least 24 h. Conversely, the cellular radioresponse of the normal gastrointestinal epithelium was slightly protected when gemcitabine and radiation were separated by 24 h. This differential response created a time frame within which therapeutic gain could be maximized. In our present investigation, we sought to define the most therapeutically beneficial scheme of gemcitabine administration when combined with fractionated radiotherapy. 
... All 3 schedules of drug administration produced therapeutic gain; however, when gemcitabine was given more than once in a 5-fraction radiation treatment schedule, normal tissue toxicity increased. The highest therapeutic gain (1.4) was achieved by giving a single dose of gemcitabine (25 mg/kg) 24 h before the start of fractionated radiotherapy. 
&&url PMID: 10421547


Ann Surg Oncol 1998 Mar;5(2):106-12 
<b>Preoperative idoxuridine and radiation for large soft tissue sarcomas: clinical results with five-year follow-up.</b> 
Sondak VK, Robertson JM, Sussman JJ, Saran PA, Chang AE, Lawrence TS. 
Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0932, USA. 

... Local control remains an important issue in the management of large soft tissue sarcomas. Radiation is the main adjuvant to surgery for local therapy of sarcomas, but it requires relatively high doses, hitherto considered prohibitive in areas such as the retroperitoneum. We developed a preoperative treatment approach to large soft tissue sarcomas that would deliver a high total dose of radiation administered in conjunction with the halogenated pyrimidine radiosensitizer idoxuridine (IdUrd).
... Using the dose and schedule we employed, resection of large soft tissue sarcomas was possible after high-dose radiation delivered in conjunction with IdUrd. Although local control was acceptable, the high rate of distant failure represents a limitation of any local approach to the treatment of large soft tissue sarcomas and suggests the need for integration of this approach with an effective systemic therapy. 
&&url PMID: 9527262 


Radiother Oncol 1997 Nov;45(2):167-74 
<b>Nicotinamide as a radiosensitizer in tumours and normal tissues: the importance of drug dose and timing.</b> 
Horsman MR, Siemann DW, Chaplin DJ, Overgaard J. Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Danish Cancer Society, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C. 
Nicotinamide is a radiation sensitizer currently undergoing clinical testing. This was an experimental study to determine the importance of drug dose and time interval between drug administration and irradiation for radiosensitization. ... Clinically achievable doses of nicotinamide will enhance tumour radiation damage while having minimal effects in normal tissues, but for the best tumour effect radiation should be given at the time of peak plasma drug concentrations. 
&&url PMID: 9424008


Hinyokika Kiyo 1997 Aug;43(8):589-92 
<b>[Retrovesical leiomyosarcoma responsive to preoperative chemoradiotherapy: a case report].</b> [Article in Japanese] 
Namiki S, Hoshi S, Suzuki K, Orikasa S. Department of Urology, Tohoku University School of Medicine. 
A 70-year-old man with dysuria was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large solid tumor in the retrovesical space. Transurethral needle biopsy revealed leiomyosarcoma. Since the size of the tumor decreased markedly by intraarterial chemotherapy with cisplatin, methotrexate and pirarubicin, in combination with radiotherapy (40 Gy), surgical extirpation of the tumor was performed. Neither infiltration to the adjacent organs or lymph node metastasis was recognized. The patient had been free of recurrence for 12 months after operation. 
&&url PMID: 9310784 


Acta Oncol 1997;36(3):323-30 
<b>Neutral metoclopramide induces tumor cytotoxicity and sensitizes ionizing radiation of a human lung adenocarcinoma and virus induced sarcoma in mice.</b> 
Olsson AR, Hua J, Sheng Y, Pero RW. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Lund, Sweden. Anders.Olsson@wblab.lu.se 
&&url PMID: 9208905 


Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996 Dec 1;36(5):1077-84 
<b>Radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy and razoxane in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas: final results of a randomized study.</b> 
Rhomberg W, Hassenstein EO, Gefeller D. Department of Radiooncology, Landesklinikum, Feldkirch, Austria. 
PURPOSE: The effect of the sensitizer razoxane on soft tissue sarcomas (STS) was prospectively evaluated in a randomized, controlled trial. The main purpose of the study was to determine the response rates and local control under the combined treatment compared to irradiation alone. ...Radiotherapy combined with razoxane seems to improve the local control in inoperable, residual, or recurrent STS compared to radiotherapy alone. The combined treatment is a fairly well tolerated procedure at low costs. It can be recommended for inoperable primary STS or gross disease after incomplete resection, conditions which are still associated with limited local control and a grave prognosis. Publication Types: Clinical trial Randomized controlled trial 
&&url PMID: 8985029 

 
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1996 Aug;23(9):1209-12 
<b>[Successful treatment of recurrent endometrial stromal sarcoma by radiotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy with CDDP and ADM].</b> [Article in Japanese] 
Kakimoto K, Ando Y. Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital. 
&&url PMID: 8751813 


J Clin Oncol 1999 Jan;17(1):31-40 
<b>Bromodeoxyuridine alternating with radiation for advanced uterine cervix cancer: a phase I and drug incorporation study.</b> 
Eisbruch A, Robertson JM, Johnston CM, Tworek J, Reynolds KR, Roberts JA, Lawrence TS Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. eisbruch@umich.edu [Record supplied by publisher] 
... In this schedule, 1,000 mg/m2/d is the maximum-tolerated dose of BUdR. BUdR incorporation levels in tumors were consistent with clinically significant radiosensitization. ... 
&&url PMID: 10458215 


Carcinogenesis 1995 May;16(5):1029-35 
<b>In vivo tumor measurement of DNA damage, DNA repair and NAD pools as indicators of radiosensitization by metoclopramide.</b> 
Olsson A, Sheng Y, Kjellen E, Pero RW. Department of Molecular Ecogenetics, University of Lund, Sweden. 
&&url PMID: 7767961 


Lung Cancer 1994 Mar;10 Suppl 1:S263-70 
<b>Radiosensitization by cytotoxic drugs. The EORTC experience by the Radiotherapy and Lung Cancer Cooperative Groups.</b> 
Schaake-Koning C, van den Bogaert W, Dalesio O, Festen J, Hoogenhout J, van Houtte P, Kirkpatrick A, Koolen M, Maat B, Nijs A, et al. Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam. 
A three-arm randomized trial was performed to assess the acute and late toxicity and the impact on survival of the combination high-dose, split-course radiotherapy with 30 mg/m2 cisplatin (cDDP) weekly, with 6 mg/m2 cisplatin daily compared to radiotherapy alone in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study started in May 1984 and was closed in May 1989 after 331 patients were randomised. The analysis was performed after a minimum follow-up period of 22 months. Radiotherapy (RT) consisted of 30 Gy, 10 fractions, five fractions a week; then a 3-week split followed by 25 Gy in 10 fractions. Nausea and vomiting were increased for a majority of the patients in the combined treatment arms during treatment. There was no addition of bone marrow suppression, renal dysfunction or esophagitis. Increase of late radiation damage was not observed. Local control (= absence of local progression) was improved for patients treated according to the daily cisplatin arm. <b>This has lead to an improvement in overall survival.</b> There was no effect in time to distant metastasis due to the combined modality. The treatment influence was confirmed in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: local control and survival can be improved by combining radiotherapy with daily low-dose cisplatin in patients with inoperable NSCLC. 
&&url PMID: 8087519 


Anticancer Res 1993 Nov-Dec;13(6A):2101-6 
<b>Response of the FSaII fibrosarcoma to antiangiogenic modulators plus cytotoxic agents.</b> 
Teicher BA, Holden SA, Ara G, Northey D. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115. 
... Thus, <b>antiangiogenic therapies can potentiate the efficacy of standard anticancer therapies.</b> 
&&url PMID: 7507654 


Cancer 1977 Feb;39(2 Suppl):987-98 
<b>Chemical modification of radiation effects</b>
Phillips TL.
A number of powerful chemical compounds that modify radiation effects have been discovered and tested both in the laboratory and clinically over the past 25 years. There are four major classes of compounds: aminothiol radio-protectors which act on well vascularized euoxic cells and concentrate in tissues such as skin, gut and marrow; nitromidazole radiosensitizers which act on hypoxic tumor cells; pyrimidine analogues which are incorporated into the DNA of cycling cells and cause radiosensitization; and cancer themotherapy agents which, in addition to their ability to kill tumor cells directly, also may sensitize tumor and normal cells to radiation. The mechanism of action, experimental activity, and clinical results or the potential for each of these agents are reviewed.  
&&url PMID: 319901


S Afr Med J 1979 Sep 22;56(13):528-31 
<b>Photosensitizers and radiosensitizers in dermatology and oncology.</b>
Bruckner V.
Two therapeutic modalities are currently of great interest, namely photo- and radiosensitization. Whereas photosensitizers only function in combination with ultraviolet (UV) light, radiosensitizers act only in combination with ionizing radiation. Because of the small UV penetration, up to a maximum of 0,5 mm, photosensitization can take place only at the surface of the body, ie. the skin. Photosensitizers are applied in dermatology in order to optimize and improve the UV therapy of certain diseases (mainly psoriasis, mycosis fungoides and vitiligo). Radiosensitizers lead to an increase in sensitivity of the hypoxic and therefore radioresistant parts of tumours against X- and gamma-radiation. With sufficient concentration within the tumour, they can act where the radiation can reach, even in the deeper parts of the body. They represent a modern and useful aid to radiation oncology. Because of neurotoxic effects, however, their practical use is limited. A short review of the history, mechanisms of action, application and side-effects of these photo- and radiosensitizers is presented.
&&url PMID: 550390 


Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1991 Apr-Jun;8(2):187-92 
<b>Dactinomycin potentiation of radiation pneumonitis: a forgotten interaction.</b> 
Cohen IJ, Loven D, Schoenfeld T, Sandbank J, Kaplinsky C, Yaniv Y, Jaber L, Zaizov R. Sambur Center for Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel. 
No mention of dactinomycin potentiation of pulmonary radiation was found in a review of the literature of the past 12 years. Before that, this complication was well described and investigators had calculated that dactinomycin increased the toxic effect of lung radiation by a factor of 1.3 and reduced the radiation tolerance of the lung by at least 20%. An example of such a toxic effect is described in the treatment of a 7-year-old girl with lung metastases from Ewing's sarcoma. The chemotherapy protocol followed contained cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dactinomycin, adriamycin, cisplatinum, VP16, and radiotherapy. The treatment was associated with fatal pulmonary fibrosis following the reintroduction of dactinomycin after radiotherapy. Our experience suggests that there is clinical significance to this complication in sarcoma therapy when dactinomycin-containing protocols are used with radiation in the treatment of pulmonary metastases. 
&&url PMID: 1863544 


Br J Cancer 1991 Jan;63(1):109-13 
<b>Nicotinamide, Fluosol DA and Carbogen: a strategy to reoxygenate acutely and chronically hypoxic cells in vivo.</b> Chaplin DJ, Horsman MR, Aoki DS. Medical Biophysics Unit, B.C. Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada. 
&&url PMID: 1846549 


Free Radic Res Commun 1991;12-13 Pt 2:595-9 
<b>Time modulation effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) on radiosensitization by superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibition.</b> 
Kent C, Blekkenhorst G. Research Institute for Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa. 
<b>Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is known to protect cells from the lethal effects of ionizing radiation by the dismutation of oxygen radicals. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) is known inhibitor of SOD and may therefore be useful as a radiosensitizer. DDC however, is also a thiol radioprotector due to its ability to scavenge radiation induced free radicals. We have shown that DDC, if administered to tumours 1 hour prior to x-irradiation exerts a protective effect, whereas if administered 4 hours prior to irradiation, it radiosensitizes. This time modulation effect is not apparent after neutron irradiation where DDC protects in both situations. We have also examined the effect of DDC on the LD50/30 in mice after total body irradiation.</b> 
&&url PMID: 1648012 

 
Int J Cancer 1988 Jul 15;42(1):129-34 
<b>Anti-tumor effects of tumor necrosis factor alone or combined with radiotherapy.</b> 
Sersa G, Willingham V, Milas L. Department of Experimental Radiotherapy, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston 77030. 
Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHuTNF) was investigated for its ability to increase the response of murine tumors to ionizing radiation. Both multiple i.v. administrations of rHuTNF and local tumor irradiation caused a significant delay in tumor growth. The effect of treatment with both agents combined was greater than the additive effect of the individual treatments. Furthermore, rHuTNF significantly increased tumor radiocurability, as assessed by the TCD50 assay. rHuTNF was not cytotoxic to tumor cells, nor did it affect their radiosensitivity. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of rHuTNF and its augmentation of tumor radioresponse were mediated through indirect mechanisms, either immunological or non-immunological. rHuTNF was also effective in reducing the damaging effect of ionizing radiation on bone-marrow progenitor cells, which could increase the therapeutic advantage of the rHuTNF-radiotherapy combination. These experiments suggest that rHuTNF is potentially beneficial in combination with radiotherapy. 
&&url PMID: 3391701


Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1985 Nov;11(11):1941-6 
<b>A phase I study of intravenous iododeoxyuridine as a clinical radiosensitizer.</b> 
Kinsella TJ, Russo A, Mitchell JB, Collins JM, Rowland J, Wright D, Glatstein E. 
&&url PMID: 2997090 


Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1986 Aug;12(8):1537-40 
<b>Enhancement of radiation effects by acyclovir.</b> 
Sougawa M, Akagi K, Murata T, Kawasaki S, Sawada S, Yoshii G, Tanaka Y. 
Acyclovir (ACV), a new antiviral drug, was used to investigate its effect of radiosensitivity in tumors in vivo. ...ACV is already clinically used as an antiviral drug. Its ability to radiosensitize tumors could therefore have clinical potential when combined with radiotherapy. 
&&url PMID: 3759578 


J Maxillofac Surg 1978 May;6(2):98-103 
<b>The effects of "BAR" therapy on oral malignant tumors.</b> 
Nagai T, Sakaizumi K, Asanami S, Lian SL, Tomita O, Hirayama T. 
"BAR" therapy is a combined therapy with BUdR (Radiosensitizer), Antimetabolites (5-FU, FT-207 etc.) and Radiation for malignant tumours. How radiation can be reduced as far as possible and how the effects of treatment can be increased as much as possible are the objectives of this study of combining radiation and BUdR therapy. 
&&url PMID: 353211 


Rev Interam Radiol 1977 Jul;2(3):123-33 
<b>Recent advances in radiotherapy.</b> 
Munzenrider JE. 
Significant recent achievement in radiotherapy are presented, with brief discussions of brachytherapy, clinical dose-rate effects, ultrafractionation, and total and half-body irradiation. Reports on radiation modifiers, including hyperbaric oxygen, chemical radiosensitizers, and normal tissue protective agents are briefly summarized, while the potential of local and systemic hyperthermia is discussed in greater detail. Recent reports of local tumor control in so-called "radioresistant tumors," such as salivary gland tumors, adenocarcinomas of the breast, prostate and pancreas, malignant melanoma and malignant carcinoid, are summarized. Current status of heavy particle radiotherapy is discussed in detail. Results of initial clinical trials of neutron beam therapy are summarized, and a brief review of proton beam clinical trials and pion beam facilities is included. Recent reports defining the role of combined irradiation and surgery in rectal and breast cancer, and in soft tissue sarcomas, are discussed. Reports of enhanced radiation toxicity seen with concomitant or sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy are detailed, including CNS toxicity seen with methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside, cardiotoxicity with adriamycin, and pulmonary toxicity with bleomycin. New or improved diagnostic techniques with special relevance to radiotherapy treatment planning, including CT scanning, histerography, internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy, and upper extremity lymphangiography are described. Publication Types: Review 
&&url PMID: 408898