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<b>Annotated Medical Journal Abstracts</b>


Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1995 Oct;33(10):639-40.
<b>[Cryosurgical resection of pulmonary metastases (experience of twenty years)] </b>[Article in Chinese] 
Xiang J, Xie D, Qiu J. 
Cancer Hospital, Shanghai Medical University. 

Cryosurgical resection of pulmonary metastases was performed in 112 patients from 1973 to 1993. The cumulative 1, 3, 5, 10 year survival rate was 80.37%, 41.81%, 28.01% and 17.28%. One patient died of respiratory failure after operation. Thirty-day mortality rate was 0.89%. The disease-free interval (DFI) between the control of primary tumor and appearance of metastases was significantly correlated with post-thoracotomy survival. The multiple factor analysis also demonstrated that DFI was the most important prognostic factor for patients after cryosurgical resection of pulmonary metastatic lesions. The overall 5 year survival rate of patients treated with cryosurgery in our report was higher than that of those treated by local resection of pulmonary metastases reported by other authors. Our results indicated that cryosurgical resection of pulmonary metastases was effective and safe, the survival time of most patients could be prolonged and some patients could be cured. 
&&url PMID: 8731905  


Minerva Med 1986 Nov 30;77(45-46):2159-62 
<b>[Cryotherapeutic destruction of invasive tracheo-bronchial tumors. Personal case histories]. [Article in Italian] </b> 
Astesiano A, Aversa S, Ciotta D, Galietti F, Gandolfi G, Giorgis GE, Oliaro A, Scappaticci E, Pepino E. 

<b>Data are presented on 15 cases of invasive tracheobronchial tumours subjected to cryotherapy in 1984-85. The technique is indicated in patients who cannot be given surgical or radiation treatment ad in cases of asphyxial syndrome requiring faster deobstruction than is obtainable with radiation treatment.</b> 
&&url PMID: 3025779 


Cancer. 1994 Aug 15;74(4):1253-60. 
<b>Conservative surgery for giant cell tumors of the sacrum. The role of cryosurgery as a supplement to curettage and partial excision. </b>
Marcove RC, Sheth DS, Brien EW, Huvos AG, Healey JH. 
Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021. 

BACKGROUND. Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the sacrum are a difficult clinical problem. Wide excision (total sacrectomy) is associated with high morbidity and pelvic/spinal instability. Curettage with or without supplemental radiotherapy is associated with a high recurrence rate. In view of the proven effectiveness of cryosurgery as an adjunct to curettage for extremity GCT, cryosurgery was used for treatment of GCTs of the sacrum. 
METHODS. Seven patients with GCTs of the sacrum were treated at our institution by conservative surgery from 1973 to 1992. Four patients presented with recurrent tumors after failing previous radiation treatment (dose, 5040 cGy). Four patients were treated with curettage with cryosurgery and three with limited excision with cryosurgery. In the latter procedure after limited excision of the caudal (below S2) part of the tumor, the upper sacral segments were treated with curettage and cryosurgery. This spared the important upper sacral roots and maintained the skeletal integrity. 
RESULTS. At a median follow-up of 12.25 years (range, 2-14.2 years), all patients were disease free. Local recurrence developed in two patients. Both of these underwent repeat curettage and cryosurgery and have since remained disease free. Two patients had positive second look biopsy with microscopic tumor. Both of these were treated with repeat cryosurgery and have remained disease free. Two patient who developed solitary pulmonary metastases, underwent wedge resection and are alive without disease. No patient suffered neurologic deterioration. 
CONCLUSION. Conservative surgery (curettage or partial excision) with adjunct of cryosurgery is our preferred technique for the treatment of GCT of the sacrum. Satisfactory local control could be obtained by close observation, second look biopsy and repeat cryosurgery. The chief advantages of this method include preservation of pelvic and spinal continuity, speed and ease of surgical procedure and less potential blood loss. We recommend it over more radical sacrectomy due to low morbidity and less resultant neurologic deficits. 
&&url PMID: 8055446  


Eksp Onkol. 1984;6(3):55-7. 
<b>[Effect of cryodestruction of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice on the development of metastases] </b>[Article in Russian] 
Mosienko VS, Kuz'menko AP, Rikberg AB, Trushina VA. 

The effect of the primary tumour cryodestruction on a degree of metastatic spreading in the lungs was investigated in experiments with C57B1/6 mice with Lewis carcinoma of the lungs. It is found that after the tumour cryosurgery there was a less quantity of metastases as compared with operated animals (surgical removal of the tumour or amputation of the limb with the tumour) or with untreated animals. A regular correlation is observed between the degree of metastatic spreading and the efficiency of the primary tumour treatment. The relapse after cryosurgery or surgical removal of the tumour led to an increase in the quantity of pulmonary metastases.  
&&url PMID: 6499741  


 Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1981 Sep 5;111(36):1303-6. 
<b>[Current state of surgery in the treatment of lung metastases]</b>[Article in German] 
Metzger U, Uhlschmid G, Largiader F. 

64 resections and 51 instances of cryosurgical treatment in 102 patients with pulmonary metastases are reported. Under clearly established conditions, parenchyma-saving resection is often the only curative treatment for pulmonary metastases. Survival rates are 72% after one year and 35% after 5 years. Resection is also indicated after a short interval between the treatment of the primary tumor and onset of lung secondaries. Prognostic factors are histology of the primary tumor and progress of pulmonary metastases, measurable by tumor doubling time and the onset of new secondaries during a given short time interval.  <b>Cryosurgery for multiple metastases or local inoperable tumor has a one-year survival rate of 48% and a 5-year survival rate of 26%.</b>  While systemic therapy will change the role of surgery, its importance will increase as a factor in combined treatment modalities. 
&&url PMID: 7302532  


Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1980 Dec 16;69(50):1865-71. 
<b>[Pulmonary metastases in adults, what can be done? (author's transl)] [Article in German] </b>
Geroulanos S, Pouliadis G, Aberle HG, Metzger U, Uhlschmid G, Largiader F, Martz G, Hahnloser P, Schwarz H. 
&&url PMID: 7196581  


Cryobiology. 1979 Apr;16(2):171-8. 
<b>Cryosurgery of pulmonary metastases. </b>
Uhlschmid G, Kolb E, Largiader F. 
&&url PMID: 477364  
