1: Pathologe 1998 Feb;19(2):146-50

[Leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord with paraneoplastic beta-hCG production].

[Article in German]

Seidl C, Lippert C, Grouls V, Jellinghaus W

Institut fur Pathologie, Stadtkrankenhaus Worms.
                                        
Leiomyosarcomas of the spermatic cord are very rare tumours, which, in contrast
to the rhabdomyosarcoms of childhood, occur almost exclusively in adults. We
report the case of a 51-year-old male patient with a metastasizing, pleomorphic
leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord. The tumour showed paraneoplastic secretion
of beta-chain human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), as was demonstrated by
the elevated levels of beta-hCG in serum samples and by immunohistochemistry.
Histologically, the tumour was a high-grade leiomyosarcoma which showed an
aggressive course with pulmonary metastases appearing 4 months after primary
surgery. A concomitant rise in the serum levels of beta-hCG was also noted at
this time. A wide spectrum of tumours with a choriocarcinomatous component or
paraneoplastic production of beta-hCG has been described, the vast majority
being carcinomas. Only two leiomyosarcomas producing beta-hCG have so far been
reported. The paraneoplastic production of beta-hCG should prevent confusion
with germ-cell tumours, especially teratomas.

PMID: 9556800



2: Am J Physiol 1991 Feb;260(2 Pt 1):C297-307

Simultaneous measurement of intracellular pH and Ca2+ using the fluorescence of
SNARF-1 and fura-2.

Martinez-Zaguilan R, Martinez GM, Lattanzio F, Gillies RJ

Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
85724.

Upon cell stimulation with hormones and other mitogens, a variety of biochemical
and physiological responses occur within the first few minutes. Changes in both
intracellular pH (pHin) and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]in) are
prominent and play a major role in the signal transduction mechanism leading to
the physiological response, i.e., secretion, neurotransmission, proliferation,
or differentiation. However, it is not clear whether these ions work
independently in the activation pathway leading to a particular physiological
response. The fluorescence characteristics of most Ca2+ indicators are pH
sensitive, and quantitative estimates of [Ca2+]in cannot be made without
knowledge of pHin. Thus it is desirable to have a technique to simultaneously
monitor these two ions with relatively high time resolution. Here we have
developed experimental conditions that allow us to use optimum emission
conditions for a pH fluorescent indicator SNARF-1 and optimum excitation
conditions for the Ca2+ indicator fura-2. The fluorescence spectra of these
compounds are sufficiently different to allow simultaneous measurement of pH and
Ca2+ both in vitro and in situ. We have observed simultaneous changes in both
pHin and [Ca2+]in in BALB/c 3T3 cells on treatment with the nonfluorescent Ca2+
ionophore 4-bromo-A23187. This temporal relationship between pHin and Ca2+ gives
further credence to the interrelationship between these two second messengers in
the expression of physiological responses.

PMID: 1996613



3: Cancer 1986 Jul 1;58(1):131-5

Beta-chain human chorionic gonadotropin-producing leiomyosarcoma of the small
intestine.

Meredith RF, Wagman LD, Piper JA, Mills AS, Neifeld JP

A 22-year-old patient with primary leiomyosarcoma of the small bowel presented
with symptoms including nausea and vomiting, a symptom complex similar to
hyperemesis gravidarum in the pregnant female. She was found to have elevated
levels of serum beta-HCG which were localized to the leiomyosarcoma cells
utilizing an immunoperoxidase staining technique. Thus, this patient presents
evidence that beta-HCG may be produced by sarcoma cells and, therefore, that
beta-HCG may be used as a tumor marker in some sarcoma patients.

PMID: 3518909



4: Conn Med 1976 Sep;40(9):609-11

Hypercalcemia and metastatic intestinal leiomyosarcoma: a case of ectopic
parathyroid hormone production.

Robin NI, Siegel LM, Hawker CD, Magida MG

PMID: 964013


3: J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999 Dec 15;215(12):1818-20, 1806

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a dog with intestinal leiomyosarcoma.

Cohen M, Post GS

Animal Medical Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was diagnosed in a dog with an intestinal
leiomyosarcoma. The diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was made on the
basis of results of serum biochemical tests, urinalyses, and a water-deprivation
test, along with a lack of response to exogenous administration of vasopressin
following the water-deprivation test. The temporal association between resection
of the intestinal mass and resolution of clinical signs of diabetes insipidus
(i.e., polyuria and polydipsia) and between recurrence of clinical signs and
detection of metastatic disease suggests that there may have been a causal
relationship, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may have developed as a
paraneoplastic syndrome in this dog.

PMID: 10613214

7: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Jan;84(1):233-9

High gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) gene expression in human neuronal, renal,
and myogenic stem cell tumors: comparison with CCK-A and CCK-B receptor
contents.

Schaer JC, Reubi JC

Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of
Pathology, University of Berne, Switzerland.

Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are two major regulatory peptides synthesized
by human gut and brain tissues as well as by selected tumors, in particular
gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumors. In the present study we have evaluated
gastrin and CCK gene expression in a group of primary human tumors, including
neuronal, renal, and myogenic stem cell tumors, using in situ hybridization
techniques. In addition, CCK-A and CCK-B receptors were evaluated in the same
group of tumors with receptor autoradiography. Most tumors had gastrin messenger
ribonucleic acid (mRNA): 10 of 11 medulloblastomas, 5 of 5 central primitive
neuroectodermal tumors, 11 of 11 Ewing sarcomas, 8 of 10 neuroblastomas, 4 of 4
Wilms' tumors, 5 of 5 rhabdomyosarcomas, and 10 of 10 leiomyosarcomas. CCK mRNA
was restricted predominantly to Ewing sarcomas (9 of 11) and leiomyosarcomas (5
of 10). CCK-A and CCK-B receptors were not frequently found in these tumors,
except for leiomyosarcomas. These data suggest that gastrin and CCK may play a
previously unrecognized role in this group of human stem cell tumors. If the
increased gastrin mRNA indeed translates into increased gastrin production,
measurement of gastrinemia may have a diagnostic significance in the early
detection of these tumors. As these two hormones have been reported to act as
potent growth factors, they may be of pathophysiological relevance for patients
with such stem cell tumors.

PMID: 9920090

9: J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1998;124(3-4):155-64

The in vitro influence of eight hormones and growth factors on the proliferation
of eight sarcoma cell lines.

Remmelink M, Decaestecker C, Darro F, Goldschmidt D, Gebhart M, Pasteels JL,
Kiss R, Salmon I

Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels (ULB),
Belgium.

Little is known about the regulation of sarcoma proliferation by hormones and/or
growth factors. We therefore characterised the in vitro proliferative influence
on eight sarcoma cell lines of the platelet-derived growth factor, the
insulin-like growth factor 1, triiodothyronine, the epidermal growth factor, the
luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone, progesterone, gastrin and 17
beta-oestradiol. The influence of the different factors on the proliferation of
sarcoma cell lines was measured by the colorimetric
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test. Two culture
media were studied: (1) a nutritionally poor medium containing 2% of fetal calf
serum and (2) a nutritionally rich one containing 5% or 10% FCS both with and
without the addition of non-essential amino acids. The results were analysed
either by conventional statistical analyses or by a classification method based
on a decision-tree approach developed in Machine Learning. This latter method
was also compared to other classifiers (such as logistic regression and k
nearest neighbours) with respect to its accuracy of classification. Monovariate
statistical analysis showed that each of the eight cell lines exhibited
sensitivity to at least one factor, and each factor significantly modified the
proliferation of five or six of the eight cell lines under study. Of these eight
lines one of fibrosarcoma origin was the most "factor-sensitive".
Decision-tree-related data analysis enabled the specific pattern of factor
sensitivity to be characterised for the three histological types of cell line
under study. The effects of hormone and growth factors are significantly
influenced by the type of culture medium used. The method used appeared to be an
accurate classifier for the kind of data analysed. Sarcoma proliferation can be
modulated, at least in vitro, by various hormones and growth factors, and the
proliferation of each histopathological type exhibited a distinct sensitivity to
different hormone and/or growth-factors.

PMID: 9619741

12: Pathologe 1998 Feb;19(2):146-50

[Leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord with paraneoplastic beta-hCG production].

[Article in German]

Seidl C, Lippert C, Grouls V, Jellinghaus W

Institut fur Pathologie, Stadtkrankenhaus Worms.

Leiomyosarcomas of the spermatic cord are very rare tumours, which, in contrast
to the rhabdomyosarcoms of childhood, occur almost exclusively in adults. We
report the case of a 51-year-old male patient with a metastasizing, pleomorphic
leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord. The tumour showed paraneoplastic secretion
of beta-chain human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), as was demonstrated by
the elevated levels of beta-hCG in serum samples and by immunohistochemistry.
Histologically, the tumour was a high-grade leiomyosarcoma which showed an
aggressive course with pulmonary metastases appearing 4 months after primary
surgery. A concomitant rise in the serum levels of beta-hCG was also noted at
this time. A wide spectrum of tumours with a choriocarcinomatous component or
paraneoplastic production of beta-hCG has been described, the vast majority
being carcinomas. Only two leiomyosarcomas producing beta-hCG have so far been
reported. The paraneoplastic production of beta-hCG should prevent confusion
with germ-cell tumours, especially teratomas.

PMID: 9556800

17: J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1996 Jul-Aug;32(4):283-6

Gastric leiomyosarcoma associated with hypoglycemia in a dog.

Bellah JR, Ginn PE

Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0126, USA.

Hypoglycemia associated with a large, gastric leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed in an
11-year-old, yellow Labrador retriever. The dog had persistent hypoglycemia and
low serum insulin levels. Although radiological and ultrasonographical
evaluations suggested an abdominal mass involving the liver, a large,
nonresectable, gastric mass was found during exploratory laparotomy. Metastasis
was not identified on gross inspection of the liver or abdomen, and no
metastatic lesions were seen on thoracic radiographs. The dog was euthanized.
Histopathological examination of the mass revealed a poorly differentiated,
gastric leiomyosarcoma that extended into the mesentery without regional
lymph-node involvement.

PMID: 8784717



18: Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1996 May;88(5):359-60

[Hypoglycemia associated with gastric leiomyosarcoma].

[Article in Spanish]

Poza P, Pombo P, de Juan Rumero P, Gomez-Chao, de Santos T, Montero Gomez M

Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Santa Maria Madre, Orense.

A patient with recurrent profound hypoglycemia was admitted to the hospital;
subsequently a gastric leiomyosarcoma was found. Levels of insulin in blood were
low during hypoglycemia crisis. Attention was, therefore, focussed on peptides
with insulin-like activity produced by the gastric tumour.

PMID: 8764544


35: Jpn J Cancer Res 1989 Jul;80(7):643-8

A case of leiomyosarcoma associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy:
demonstration of biological and immunological activities of parathyroid
hormone-related protein in the tumor extract.

Nagata N, Takeda J, Kugai N, Kimoto H, Tomimatsu S, Takatani O, Suzuki K, Fuse
Y, Tsuchihashi T, Yamaguchi K, et al

Third Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College,
Saitama.

Hypercalcemia occurred in a patient with leiomyosarcoma when multiple lung
metastases developed. Despite normal plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and
low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, this hypercalcemic patient had a marked
hypercalciuria and phosphaturia associated with an increased excretion of
nephrogenous cyclic AMP (NcAMP). Administration of cisplatin ameliorated both
the hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria without any reduction in tumor size of
NcAMP excretion. Terminally, acute pancreatitis occurred producing a profound
hypocalcemia. In the extract of tumor tissue obtained post mortem, bioactivity
stimulating the generation of cyclic AMP in osteogenic cells was demonstrated
along with the immunoreactive PTH-related protein (PTH-rP). the first report of
a solid non-epithelial malignancy producing PTH-rP and associated with humoral
hypercalcemia of malignancy. The hypercalcemia in this case caused acute
pancreatitis, which led to a profound hypocalcemia.

PMID: 2551869

38: Cancer 1986 Jul 1;58(1):131-5

Beta-chain human chorionic gonadotropin-producing leiomyosarcoma of the small
intestine.

Meredith RF, Wagman LD, Piper JA, Mills AS, Neifeld JP

A 22-year-old patient with primary leiomyosarcoma of the small bowel presented
with symptoms including nausea and vomiting, a symptom complex similar to
hyperemesis gravidarum in the pregnant female. She was found to have elevated
levels of serum beta-HCG which were localized to the leiomyosarcoma cells
utilizing an immunoperoxidase staining technique. Thus, this patient presents
evidence that beta-HCG may be produced by sarcoma cells and, therefore, that
beta-HCG may be used as a tumor marker in some sarcoma patients.

PMID: 3518909


40: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984 Sep;59(3):432-5

Identification of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone in human
neoplasia.

Wilber JF, Spinella P

Immunoreactive TRH (IR-TRH) was identified in extracts derived from seven human
cancer tissues, including two oat cell carcinomas. The IR-TRH concentrations
ranged from 29-189 pg/g. Tumor IR-TRH exhibited immunological identity with
synthetic pyroglu-his-proamide and coeluted with synthetic [3H]TRH after high
pressure liquid chromatography on a mu Bondapak C-18 column. These data extend
the number of hypothalamic peptide hormones identified in human neoplastic
tissues.

PMID: 6086698




47: Conn Med 1976 Sep;40(9):609-11

Hypercalcemia and metastatic intestinal leiomyosarcoma: a case of ectopic
parathyroid hormone production.

Robin NI, Siegel LM, Hawker CD, Magida MG

PMID: 964013



50: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974 Apr;38(4):618-21

The preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism by selective venous
catheterization of neck veins in patients with known malignant disease.

Heath DA, Shimkin PM, Wolfe DR

PMID: 4820662




54: Am J Surg 1970 Jun;119(6):754-7

Hypoglycemia caused by abdominal leiomyosarcoma.

Miller DW, Stewart CF, Rosner W

PMID: 5446004


               



