
The abstracts below have been edited.
The full abstract of the Medical Journal articles are available on Pubmed.
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1.Mod Pathol 1999 Nov;12(11):1001-9 
<b>Comparative immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of uterine and extrauterine leiomyosarcomas.</b> 
Rao UN, Finkelstein SD, Jones MW. 

"Eighty-percent of LM and 70% of the ULMS were estrogen receptor positive, whereas only one retroperitoneal tumor had focal weak positivity.  P53 allelic imbalance was present in 29% of ULMS and 57% EULMS. Mdm2 amplification was present in three of six EULMS but not in ULMS. ... The presence of estrogen receptor staining may be helpful in identifying uterine versus nonuterine LMS. Although sample numbers are too small for definite conclusions, this study suggests that there are differences in glucose transport, expression of adhesion molecules, and estrogen receptors in ULMS and EULMS, which in part may be due to the estrogen dependency of the ULMS. P53 mutations and mdm2 amplifications appear to be more frequent in EULMS."


2. Am J Surg Pathol 1999 Sep;23(9):1082-8 
<b>Leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary veins. </b>
Oliai BR, Tazelaar HD, Lloyd RV, Doria MI, Trastek VF. 
 
"Pulmonary vein sarcomas represent intermediate- to high-grade leiomyosarcoma. Although often lethal, complete surgical excision can lead to long-term survival. They occur predominantly in women and may express hormone receptors. Therefore, hormonal manipulation may offer promise as adjuvant therapy." 
&&url PMID: 10478668


3. Am J Surg Pathol 1996 Jul;20(7):779-93 
<b>Smooth-muscle tumors of the vulva. A clinicopathological study of 25 cases and review of the literature. </b>
Nielsen GP, Rosenberg AE, Koerner FC, Young RH, Scully RE. 

"The clinical and pathological features of 25 smooth-muscle tumors of the vulva were analyzed."... "Thirteen of 17 tumors were positive for estrogen receptors, and 16 of 18 were positive for progesterone receptors. ... We propose ... expanded criteria to distinguish between leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas of the vulva. Tumors that manifest three or all of the four following features should be considered sarcomas: > or = 5 cm in greatest dimension, infiltrative margins, > or = 5 mitotic figures per 10 hpf, and moderate to severe cytologic atypia. Those that have only one of these characteristics should be diagnosed as leiomyoma, and those that exhibit only two of these features should be considered benign but atypical leiomyomas." 


4. Pathol Res Pract 1996 Mar;192(3):215-23 
<b>Immunohistological detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors in multiple and well differentiated leiomyomatous lung tumors in women with uterine leiomyomas (so-called benign metastasizing leiomyomas). A report on 5 cases. </b>
Jautzke G, Muller-Ruchholtz E, Thalmann U. 

Five "benign metastasizing uterine leiomyomata" result in development of well differentiated, leiomyomatous lung tumors that appear to be benign, usually after a period of several years. "We report on five more such cases in which we investigated the contents of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the pulmonary tumors .... All the lung tumors exhibited a high content of progesterone receptors, and in 4 out of the 5 cases a high estrogen receptor content was also found. ... it is thus recommended ... hormone receptors should be determined in well differentiated, leiomyomatous lung tumors from women. This would both provide information on the pathogenesis of these tumors and establish a basis for possible later institution of hormone treatment. It is likely that the majority of these lung tumors are in fact metastases of extremely well differentiated leiomyosarcomas of the uterus. The possibility that lung tumors of this type may constitute a small group that develop in situ as hormone-sensitive proliferations cannot, however, be fully excluded." 
&&url PMID: 8739468 


5. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1984;63(6):505-8 
<b>Estradiol and progesterone receptors in gynecologic sarcomas. </b>
Lantta M, Karkkainen J, Wahlstrom T, Widholm O.  

"We report the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone receptors found in the tumor tissue of 5 patients with leiomyosarcoma, 4 of uterine and one of ventricular origin, and of 5 patients with uterine or ovarian carcinosarcoma. Steroid receptor positive and negative tumors were present in both groups of sarcoma. ....We suggest that steroid receptors should be analysed in all gynecologic sarcomas." 
&&url PMID: 6507052


6. Surgery 1981 Aug;90(2):149-53 
<b>Distribution of steroid hormone receptors in human soft tissue sarcomas.</b> 
Chaudhuri PK, Walker MJ, Beattie CW, Das Gupta TK. 

"Sixty-six human soft-tissue sarcoma specimens were assayed for incidence and distribution of steroid hormone receptors. Liposarcomas (43%) and leiomyosarcomas (60%) had a high incidence of estrogen receptor. .... The incidence of receptors for estrogen and glucocorticoid was higher in female than in male patients (62% and 38%, respectively). .... Data from this study suggest that ... receptors for steroid hormones are present in human soft tissue sarcoma and that their distribution may depend on the histogenetic origin and the sex of patients." 
&&url PMID: 6266058 


7. Arch Surg 1980 Mar;115(3):244-8 
<b>Estrogen receptor proteins in diverse human tumors. </b>
Stedman KE, Moore GE, Morgan RT. 

"Receptors were detected in many endocrine and nonendocrine tumors. ......... Some tumors also had progesterone, androgen, and/or glucocorticoid receptors. These results suggest the use of hormones and hormone antagonists for therapy of a broad range of human cancer. Clinicians of diverse expertise should be aware of, and responsive to, potential endocrinological involvement in many dissimilar disease states." 
&&url PMID: 7356378   