
<b>Post-irradiation Sarcomas</b>

Identification of a causal agent should allow for diagnosis at an earlier stage. .  This is particularly true of radiation-induced sarcomas because patients who develop this malignancy seem to have a poor prognosis.  Radiation therapy has a prevalence of radiation-induced sarcoma of 0.17-0.21%  As more patients survive their malignancies, we may see an increase in the incidence of postradiation sarcomas. Therefore, patients who receive radiation should be monitored closely, and a high index of suspicion should be maintained for complaints referable to the irradiated site. The development of sarcomas is a recognized complication of radiation therapy. Post-radiation sarcomas, while uncommon, are not rare. The imaging findings are not pathognomonic, but an appreciation of the expected latency period may help to suggest the diagnosis. 
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Radiation-induced sarcomas can originate in either the irradiated bone or soft tissues. Most of these tumors are high-grade. The most common histologic subtypes are malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and osteosarcoma, although other histologies ... occur. Tumor size and grade are the two most important prognostic factors for soft tissue sarcomas, including those associated with radiation therapy. 
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<b>Increased risk of soft tissue sarcoma after radiotherapy in women with breast carcinoma.</b>
..Numerous studies to date have suggested an association between radiation exposure and the development of soft tissue sarcoma after a latent period of several years. The current study was performed to quantify the risk of soft tissue sarcoma in the vicinity of previously irradiated anatomic regions in women with breast carcinoma... The risk of soft tissue sarcoma, especially angiosarcoma, was elevated after radiotherapy in women with breast carcinoma. Radiation-induced sarcomas are associated with poor overall prognosis. The treatment in most of the cases is late and ineffective, therefore careful follow-up is needed. There are still many uncertainties and questions about radiation-induced sarcomas.
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<b>Clinicopathologic Assessment of Postradiation Sarcomas </b>
 KIT as a potential treatment target.
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<b>Radiation-induced LMS as second primary tumors in the head and neck region: report of 2 cases</b>.
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<b>Development of primary LMS of the sternum postirradiation: report of a case. </b>
We report herein the case of a 30-year-old man who developed a primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) 11 years after undergoing a median sternotomy for mediastinal seminoma followed by 50 Gy radiotherapy. He was given two courses of chemotherapy, resulting in 90% tumor regression, after which resection of the tumor with adjacent chest wall structures was carried out. Reconstruction was performed using a methylmethacrylate prosthesis prepared preoperatively. Postoperatively, he received two additional courses of chemotherapy and has had no sign of recurrence for 45 months. 
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<b>Radiation induced sarcoma of the head and neck.</b>
 Radiation-induced sarcoma of the head and neck (RISHN) is a long-term complication of treatment. ...we have reviewed 69 cases reported in the English medical literature ...and pooled this information with our experience ...Surgery was the mainstay of treatment and follow-up ranged from 6 months to 15 years with a median of 48 months. The actuarial five-year disease free survival in these patients was 60%. ... There is at present little or no prospect for effective prevention of  Radiation-induced sarcoma and therefore, a high index of suspicion based on the patient's symptoms assumes great importance in the outcome of these patients. Although surgical management of RISHN is challenging because of the close proximity of the tumour to important regional structures and the technical difficulties of operating in an irradiated area, complete surgical excision appears to offer the best means for palliation and the only realistic chance for long-term surviva
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<b>Pelvic radiotherapy and LMS of the rectum</b>
Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum is an uncommon malignancy; it accounts for less than 0.1% of all malignancies of the colon and rectum and only one case has been reported long-term following pelvic radiotherapy. We report a second case of leiomyosarcoma of the rectum after radiotherapy in an elderly women who received external radiation therapy eighteen years before, for endometrial carcinoma. We confirm that leiomyosarcoma may be a late uncommon effect of pelvic irradiation and suggest that close and long-term surveillance of irradiated patients is highly recommended.
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<b>Radiation-induced LMS of the great vessels presenting as superior vena cava syndrome.</b>
A patient with a pleomorphic intravascular leiomyosarcoma of the great vessels of the neck and mediastinum presented clinically with a superior vena cava syndrome. A latent period of 29 years elapsed between receiving orthovoltage radiation to the neck and right side of chest to treat recurrent ganglioneuroblastoma, and the appearance of a leiomyosarcoma and subsequent recurrences. ... This would appear to be the first reported case of radiation-induced intravascular leiomyosarcoma of the great vessels of the neck and mediastinum presenting as a superior vena cava syndrome.
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<b>Dumb-bell sarcoma of the foramen jugulare with syringomyelia. A radio-induced tumour?</b>
The clinicopathological findings of a 50-year-old man, who developed cervicothoracic syringomyelia at the age of 25 are presented. He was given radiation therapy at the age of 33. At the age of 57 he developed a foramen jugulare syndrome on the left, caused by a low grade leiomyosarcoma. Etiologically, the most attractive hypothesis appears to be that the tumour was induced by radiation therapy administered 24 years previously.
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<b>Sarcomas arising after radiotherapy for peptic ulcer disease. </b>
Therapeutic gastric irradiation has been used to reduce peptic juice secretion in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Between 1937 and 1968 a total of 2049 patients received such therapy at the University of Chicago. Three of these patients are known to have developed sarcomas in the field of radiation. Two gastric leiomyosarcomas of the stomach were diagnosed 26 and 14 years after treatment and a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the anterior chest wall was removed six years after gastric irradiation. Of 743 peptic ulcer patients treated without irradiation and constituted as a control group for the study of therapeutic gastric radiation, none is known to have developed sarcoma. As the incidence of sarcoma in these patient groups is known only from the tumor registry of the University of Chicago, other cases of sarcoma may exist in the groups. While an increased incidence of sarcoma has not been proven to occur in patients who received therapeutic gastric irradiation for peptic ulcer disease, the possibility of such a risk should be borne in mind by physicians caring for such patients. 
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