
<b>Inflammation as a Cause of Cancer</b>


<b>NSAID Use and Gastric Cancer Risk</b>
..The relationship between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, and the risk of gastric cancer has not been well studied.... A fully recursive literature search to January 2003 was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, and CANCERLIT to identify potentially relevant case-control or cohort studies.... NSAID use was associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer in a dose-dependent manner. This finding warrants proper clinical trials in populations with high risk of gastric cancer.
&&url PMID: 14652240 

<b>Multicentric Extremity LMS</b>
.. We report a 90 year-old male veteran who was found to have four leiomyosarcomas, one in right arm and the other three in right thigh. The patient sustained gunshot injuries over right thigh and right arm about 60 years ago in a war with severe wound sepsis .... These tumors happened to distribute in the vicinity of the old scars. It was speculated that these multicentric tumors were due to decreased immune surveillance caused by aging and induced by the previous trauma....
&&url PMID: 1334797 

<b>LMS complicating chronic inflammation of the testis</b>
..To report on a case of leiomyosarcoma of the testis that appeared to have arisen from a background of chronic testicular inflammation. ... A 65-year-old man with a 15-year history of diabetes mellitus and low-grade discomfort and swelling in the right testis presented as an emergency with exacerbation of the pain and swelling of the testis. Repeated ultrasound examination of the testis in the past 5 years had suggested a chronic testicular inflammatory disorder. Ultrasound during the current emergency case admission revealed a... a large heterogeneous solid mass ... in the right testis ... [After a] A right radical orchidectomy was performed. ...[the path report revealed a] primary leiomyosarcoma ...
&&url PMID: 12138299  

<b>Carcinoma arising in the pleural cavity following pneumonectomy for hydatid disease.</b>
We report a case of carcinoma following 42 years of chronic empyema [infection on the surface of the lung] in a patient who underwent surgery ...at the age of 3. At the time of diagnosis, an esophageal fistula was observed and treated with cyanoacrylate. We hypothesize that chronic inflammation of the pleura, caused by decades of empyema, associated with the presence of ... a long-standing esophago-pleural fistula, led to neoplastic transformation. 
&&url PMID: 15133350 
          
<b>Angiosarcoma occurring with chronic osteomyelitis and residual foreign material: case report of a late World War II wound complication.</b>
The case is reported of a World War II veteran who developed an angiosarcoma at the site of wounding 46 years previously. The wound was complicated by retained foreign material and chronic infection involving bone. ...There is slight but definite risk of tumour development in association with retained foreign material. This risk may be greater in older patients who have retained this foreign material for long periods and where the presence of the material is complicated by chronic infection.
&&url PMID: 9287932  

  
<b>Lymphedema: an immunologically vulnerable site for development of neoplasms</b>.
Lymphedema is the result of accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid (lymph stasis) caused by a failure of lymph drainage in the face of a normal capillary filtration. Whether the origin is congenital or acquired from infection, radiation, trauma, or surgery, chronic lymph stasis impairs local immune surveillance by disrupting trafficking of the immunocompetent cells in the lymphedematous district and stimulates vicarious angiogenesis by promoting development of a collateral lymphatic and hematic network in the lymphedematous district. When the local mechanisms of immune surveillance begin to fail, the lymphedematous region becomes an immunologically vulnerable area, predisposed to malignancy, chiefly vascular tumors such as Stewart-Treves syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma, because of the continual angiogenic stimulus.
&&url PMID: 12077591 

<b>Endemic Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa and local volcanic soils.</b>
Endemic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in Africa, ... a chronic nodular condition predominantly affecting the feet and legs, is believed to arise in the lymphatic endothelium and is associated with chronic lymphoedema. As such, KS bears a resemblance to podoconiosis (non-filarial elephantiasis). ... The lymphatics and lymph nodes of patients with podoconiosis contain particulate alumino-silicates in macrophages consistent with the theory that ultrafine clay minerals are absorbed through the feet. The resulting chronic lymphatic irritation, inflammation, and collagenosis causes obstruction and lymphoedema. The geographical proximity of endemic KS to areas containing volcanic clay minerals, its lympho-endothelial origin, predilection for the feet and legs, and its prevalence among rural peasants and cultivators, suggest a common aetiology. Other features point to the participation of a low-grade, possibly sexually-transmitted, infective agent that becomes more pathogenic in the presence of immunosuppression. Damage to the dermal lymphatics of the feet and legs by absorbed clays could impair local immunity to such an agent. ...
&&url PMID: 7901641 

 
<b>Stewart-Treves syndrome</b>
..Stewart-Treves syndrome is an angiosarcoma associated with long-standing lymphoedema, most commonly seen as a rare complication of breast cancer treatment, and is associated with a poor outcome. ... ... Early diagnosis and treatment by radical ablative surgery confers a reasonable prognosis with this rare but aggressive disease. A nihilistic approach is unjustified.
In the world literature we can find about 400 cases of Stewart-Treves syndrome occurring after treatment for breast cancer. There are also occasional case reports of Stewart-Treves syndrome within chronically lymphoedematous upper extremity not related to breast cancer treatment and within chronically lymphoedematous leg. ...
&&url PMID: 15518436 
&&url PMID: 15498645  


<b>Inhibitory effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on foreign body tumorigenesis in mice.</b>
This paper reports on the investigation of the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on foreign body tumorigenesis that resulted from sc implantation of a glass cylinder. Adult BALB/c mice of both sexes bearing the foreign body were separated into groups. Group 1 received 40 mg MPA sc every 2 months during 1 year, in the vicinity of the glass cylinder; group 2 received the same MPA treatment in the contralateral flank; and group 3 received no hormonal treatment. Sarcomas developed in 4 of 39, 9 of 41, and 17 of 39 mice, respectively. With the use of an evaluation based on the number of high-risk mice per time interval, the MPA inhibitory effect was found to be statistically significant in both groups: 26, 53, and 79% tumor incidence, respectively. A decrease in the rate of tumor development also was observed but only in mice treated with MPA in situ. An unexpected side effect of continuous MPA administration in females was the appearance of adenocarcinomas.
&&url PMID: 3522997  

<b>Angiogenesis and prediction of sarcoma formation by plastic</b>.
.. It is known that large plastic coverslips implanted s.c. in CBA mice produce sarcomas more rapidly and in a greater number than do small coverslips. We observed that within a few weeks after implantation the cells attached to the large coverslips showed an angiogenic capacity about 5-fold greater than that of the cells attached to the small coverslips. Months before a sarcoma was evident, angiogenesis induced by the cells attached to the large coverslips predicted the high risk of neoplastic transformation by large coverslips.
&&url PMID: 6171345 
