
<b>Annotated Medical Journal Article Citations</b>
The abstracts below have been edited.
The full abstract of the Medical Journal articles are available on Pubmed.
To obtain them, search Pubmed for &&url
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1. Br Med Bull 2000;56(3):773-86 
<b>Novel agents to modulate oestrogen action.</b> 
Dardes RC, Jordan VC. Department of Gynaecology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (UNIFESP)

"...Tamoxifen is the endocrine treatment of choice for breast cancer, but it also has beneficial effects on bone density and serum lipids in postmenopausal women. Recently, tamoxifen was shown to decrease the risk of invasive breast cancer in women at high risk. [While tamoxifen lowers the overall risk of tumors recurring in breast cancer patients, a new study suggests that if a new cancer does develop it is five times as likely to be of an aggressive type. Ed. ] However, tamoxifen has some stimulatory effects on the endometrium. [What this means is that the endometrium...the lining of the womb...is stimulated to grow by tamoxifen. So Tamoxifen is probably not a good medicine to use for uterine cancers. Ed.] Raloxifene is used to prevent osteoporosis and fractures. Raloxifene also lowers circulating cholesterol and the incidence of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women but does not stimulate the endometrium.[There was a recent case report about raloxifene possibly stimulating an ovarian cancer. Ed.] The SERMs have evolved from mere laboratory curiosities into drugs that hold promise for preventing several major diseases associated with ageing in women." 
&&url PMID: 11255561


2. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 1999;20(4):327-8 
<b>Uterine leiomyosarcoma in a postmenopausal woman treated with tamoxifen: case report.</b> 
Sabatini R, Di Fazio F, Loizzi P. III 
Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Italy. 
&&url PMID: 10475136 


3. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1999 Apr;18(2):130-7 
<b>Tamoxifen and the endometrium: review of 102 cases and comparison with HRT-related and non-HRT-related endometrial pathology. </b>
Kennedy MM, Baigrie CF, Manek S. Nuffield Department of Pathology, 
John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. 

"Tamoxifen, a synthetic anti-estrogen that paradoxically acts as a partial estrogen agonist on the endometrium, is associated with an increased frequency of proliferative endometrial lesions, including hyperplasias, neoplasms, and polyps." 
&&url PMID:10202670


4. Cancer Treat Res 1998;94:195-207 
<b>Tamoxifen and the endometrium. </b>
Barakat RR. 
Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.  
&&url PMID: 9587689


5. Carcinogenesis 1997 Oct;18(10):2009-14 
<b>Proliferative lesions of oviduct and uterus in CD-1 mice exposed prenatally to tamoxifen.</b> 
Diwan BA, Anderson LM, Ward JM. 
Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702-1201, USA.  

"Tamoxifen (TAM) is widely used as adjuvant breast cancer therapy after surgery and as a chemopreventive agent in women of child-bearing age. However, TAM therapy has been shown to result in an increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma in women." 
&&url PMID: 9364013


6. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1996 Jul;75(6):593-5 
<b>Uterine leiomyosarcoma in patient receiving tamoxifen therapy. </b>
McCluggage WG, Varma M, Weir P, Bharucha H. 
Department of Pathology, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland. 
&&url PMID: 8693940 


7. Med J Aust 1995 Aug 7;163(3):160-1 
<b>Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus in a woman taking adjuvant tamoxifen therapy.</b> 
Gillett D. Publication Types: Letter 
&&url PMID: 7643773 


8. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1994 Jul;13(3):248-58 
<b>Malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus in patients treated for breast carcinoma: the effects of tamoxifen.</b> 
Silva EG, Tornos CS, Follen-Mitchell M. 
Department of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.  

"We reviewed the clinical history and pathology material of 72 patients seen at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center who developed malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus after being treated for breast carcinoma with either tamoxifen or other therapeutic regimens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type of malignant tumors seen in the uterus, their association with endometrial polyps or hyperplasia, and their possible relationship to tamoxifen treatment. This study shows that in patients treated for breast carcinoma, the uterine malignancies are characterized by several features: (a) a previously unreported high incidence of clear cell carcinoma (14 cases) and leiomyosarcoma (12 cases); (b) seven of 12 leiomyosarcomas with unusual features, such as epithelioid (5), tubular (1), and myxoid features (2); (c) a higher incidence of serous carcinoma (45% in patients treated for > or = 12 months); (d) endometrial polyps associated with carcinoma more often than endometrial hyperplasia. " 
&&url PMID: 7928058